Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a condition where fluid builds up inside the eye causing damage to the optic nerve. This results in vision loss and blindness if left untreated. There are two types of glaucoma: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and closed-angle glaucoma. POAG occurs when the trabecular meshwork becomes damaged and causes increased pressure within the eye.

                                                     


 Closed-angle glaucoma occurs when the iris closes off the drainage system of the eye and prevents the proper flow of fluid out of the eye. Both conditions cause similar symptoms including pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and difficulty focusing.

2. Cataracts

Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye begins to cloud over due to ageing or injury. As the lens thickens, it blocks light from entering the eye and causes vision impairment. Symptoms of cataracts include blurry vision, glare, halos around lights, and decreased night vision.


 

3. Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina detaches from the back of the eye. If not treated immediately, retinal detachment can lead to permanent vision loss.

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 Symptoms of retinal detachment include flashes of light, floaters, dimming vision, and blurred vision.


 

4. Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is a disease of the central area of the retina called the macula. The macula contains the centre of the retina's visual cells and is responsible for sharp, clear vision. 

                                               

When the macula becomes damaged, patients experience impaired vision and may have trouble reading, recognizing faces, or seeing colours.

5. Dry Eyes

Dry eyes are caused by insufficient tears produced by the tear glands. Tears help keep the surface of the eye moist, lubricate the eyeball, and protect the cornea. In dry eyes, the tear film does not break down properly, resulting in irritation and inflammation of the ocular surface. Symptoms of dry eyes include burning, itching, tearing, and blurred vision. Treatment includes artificial tears, warm compresses, and humidifying the air.


 6. Myopia

Myopia is short-sightedness. People who suffer from myopia have nearsightedness, meaning they need close objects to focus on. Myopia is often associated with poor nutrition and lack of exercise. Symptoms of myopia include headaches, fatigue, and neck aches. Treatment includes wearing glasses or contact lenses, exercising regularly, and eating well.

 

7. Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a condition where the shape of the cornea is irregular. This causes blurred vision and double vision. Astigmatism is often associated with poor diet, allergies, and genetics.

                                             

 Symptoms of astigmatism include blurring of vision, headaches, and dizziness. Treatment involves wearing glasses or contacts and avoiding certain foods.